.
The following is a brief extract from an interview Elena Dobriakova conducted with Regina Khidekel, the daughter-in-law of the great suprematist painter and speculative architect Lazar Khidekel. It touches on the subject of Russian cosmism, a philosophical current which has become a renewed topic of interest thanks to George Young’s new book on The Russian Cosmists, as well as some of the materials published on e-flux by Benedict Singleton and Anton Vidokle.
Following this extract there is a short article by Regina Khidekel on suprematism in architecture. See also a post by Martin Gittins as well as Enrique Ramirez’s work on cosmism and flight in modern architecture, “Rocket Talk.” The interview translation is my own, but feel free to reproduce it. Click on any of the images below to see them in higher resolution.
.
Khidekel and cities of the future
.
Elena Dobriakova:Â How has suprematism withstood such a serious test of time, in your opinion?
Regina Khidekel: When the founder of suprematism Kazimir Malevich arrived at this Black Square, he soon understood that suprematism — or, that is to say, geometric abstraction — is the terminal stage of abstract art, that this art that is connected with the cosmos, with cosmic vision. The plain fact of the matter, technically speaking, is that Malevich grasped the property of this new space when, according to the story, it escaped beyond the horizon. In this fashion, the laws of linear perspective for were repealed, and before the artist opened an immeasurable expanse, which then became the space of the suprematist painting and, as Lazar Khidekel phrased it, the infinite plane of the canvas. That’s why in the early stages of suprematism the forms fly into the unknown of cosmic space. This is to speak only of the formal aspect. After this came the further development of suprematism, which Malevich saw as the creation of modern architecture. The students of Malevich sought to introduce this art to the limits of life during the early 1920s — and above all Khidekel, who was to Malevich the most active, energetic, and congenial. Chashnik called Khidekel a revolutionary suprematist as early as 1921, meaning a “real, genuine suprematist.” And Khidekel introduced suprematism into architecture, not as a utilitarian, elementary style, but as revolutionary-innovative vision.
For Malevich’s students, including Lazar Khidekel, these forms have been converted into space stations. Structures and volumes were perceived by them as the cosmic dwellings of future earthlings. This is another story: that of Russian cosmism and its mystical philosophy of the “common cause,” capable of uniting mankind in the task of overcoming death and resurrecting our forefathers, for whom these space colonies were designed. By the way, this was the motive behind Tsiolkovskii’s scientific research.
Елена ДобрÑкова: Каким образом Ñупрематизм, по вашему мнению, выдержал Ñтоль Ñерьезную проверку временем?
Регина Хидекель: Когда оÑновоположнику Ñупрематизма Казимиру Малевичу пришел Ñтот черный квадрат, он очень Ñкоро понÑл, что Ñупрематизм, или, иначе, геометричеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð°Ð±ÑтракциÑ, и еÑÑ‚ÑŒ поÑледнÑÑ ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð°Ð±Ñтрактного иÑкуÑÑтва, что Ñто иÑкуÑÑтво ÑвÑзано Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑмоÑом, Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑмичеÑким видением. Дело в том, что чиÑто техничеÑки Малевич оÑознал ÑвойÑтво Ñтого нового проÑтранÑтва, когда, по его Ñловам, вышел за линию горизонта. Таким образом, законы итальÑнÑкой перÑпективы были отменены, и перед художником открылÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¼ÐµÑ€Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹ коÑмоÑ, который Ñтал проÑтранÑтвом ÑупрематичеÑкой живопиÑи и, как Ñформулировал Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð›Ð°Ð·Ð°Ñ€ÑŒ Хидекель, беÑконечной плоÑкоÑтью полотна. Вот почему на первой Ñтадии Ñупрематизма формы летают в безвеÑии в коÑмичеÑком проÑтранÑтве. Ðто еÑли говорить о формальной Ñтороне. Затем поÑледовало развитие Ñупрематизма, которое Малевич видел в Ñоздании Ñовременной архитектуры. Студенты Малевича, и в первую очередь Лазарь Хидекель как Ñамый активный, деÑтельный, конгениальный Малевичу, в начале 1920-Ñ… годов ÑтремилÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÑти Ñто иÑкуÑÑтво в пределы жизни. Чашник еще в 1921 году называет Ð¥Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐºÐµÐ»Ñ Ñ€ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð»ÑŽÑ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ð¼ ÑупрематиÑтом, что означает «подлинный, наÑтоÑщий ÑупрематиÑт». И Хидекель ввел Ñупрематизм в архитектуру, не утилитарной ÑоÑтавлÑющей ÑтилÑ, а революционно-новаторÑким видением.
Ученики Малевича, в том чиÑле и Лазарь Хидекель, Ñтали Ñти формы превращать в коÑмичеÑкие Ñтанции. Структуры и объемы воÑпринимаютÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ как коÑмичеÑкие жилища будущих землÑн. Ðто Ð¾Ñ‚Ð´ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ½Ð°Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÐ¼Ð° — руÑÑкий коÑмизм и его миÑтичеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñ„Ð¸Ð»Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ñ„Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ñ‰ÐµÐ³Ð¾ дела, ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑŠÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ‚ÑŒ человечеÑтво Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ‡ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñмерти и воÑÐºÑ€ÐµÑˆÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑˆÐ¸Ñ… предков, Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ñ‚Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‹Ñ… и проектировалиÑÑŒ Ñти коÑмичеÑкие колонии. КÑтати, Ñто было побудительным мотивом и Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑƒÑ‡Ð½Ñ‹Ñ… разработок ЦиолковÑкого.
Lazar Khidekel:
.
…The trajectory of suprematism;
…between sky and earth
Regina Khidekel
.
The cosmic “gene†of Suprematism, the philosophy of Russian Cosmism in Malevich’s interpretation and his cosmological concepts, fell on fertile ground. The adolescent, who, by his own account, “walked the streets late at night, staring at the sky, the moon, and the clouds waiting for the coming of the Messiah, who…appeared floating in the clouds of the dark sky,â€[1] soon encountered the art of his first teacher, Marc Chagall, where the flight over the city and the life on the roofs perfectly accorded with the Vitebsk reality.
From the Chagallian metaphorical ascent over side streets familiar from childhood, he was already within arm’s length of the systematized flights into the endless limits of Suprematist space. Malevich’s destruction of Renaissance perspective and the horizon line led to the revelation of another space — that of the boundless cosmos, which became the space onto which Lazar Khidekel would project his Suprematist compositions. Continue reading